When you settle in for a chilling psychological horror story, you’re not just bracing for jump scares; you’re strapping in for a mind‑bending ride. Unreliable narrators have become a cornerstone of this subgenre, sneaking doubt into every scene and forcing us to question what’s real.
Today, we’ll explore how these deceptive voices elevate horror movies, horror films, and horror books, keeping horror fans on the edge of their seats.
What Is an Unreliable Narrator?
An unreliable narrator is a storyteller whose credibility is compromised. They might:
- Misremember events
- Lie to other characters (or themselves)
- Experience hallucinations or dissociation
In any medium, whether in a classic horror book or a modern horror film, this narrator invites the audience to read between the lines and piece together the “true” story.
Why Unreliable Narrators Are a Staple of Psychological Horror
In psychological horror, atmosphere and tension matter more than gore. An unreliable voice:
- Blurs Reality: When you can’t trust the narrator, every detail becomes suspect. Was that whisper real, or just in their head?
- Builds Deep Suspense: Knowing you only have part of the truth ratchets up anxiety: you don’t truly know what’s going on and you’re waiting for that moment when reality cracks wide open.
- Engages the Imagination: Your mind fills in gaps left by the narrator, often imagining far worse than any explicit description. This also leaves room for prediction. Some horror fans love surprises, while others like to guess what may happen. For some, being right brings exceptional satisfaction. If this is you, make sure you call out your guess so you can clinch the bragging rights forever.
Unreliable Narrators in Horror Movies and Horror Films
Some of the most memorable horror movies lean heavily on the device of an unreliable narrator:
- Fight Club (1999): Although not strictly a horror film, its twist ending rewrote everything you thought you knew.
- The Sixth Sense (1999): Bruce Willis’s character guides you down one path, only to pull the rug out from under you at the end. This is one of the most shocking twists in horror film history because our unreliable narrator was not only our protagonist but also a relatable and sympathetic character. Truly brilliant writing.
- Black Swan (2010): The line between reality and Nina’s fractured psyche blurs in every haunting scene. Knowing your narrator is unreliable adds a unique layer of tension and mystery, leading you to question everything. It makes guessing the end and predicting the twist almost impossible.
In each of these horror films, the narrator (or protagonist) distorts truth, so every creak in the floorboards or flicker of shadow could be real… or imagined. Even their own thoughts and intentions can be misconstrued. They might wholeheartedly believe something to be true when it’s anything but, and you’re along for the ride.
Unreliable Narrators in Horror Books
In addition to movies, horror books have long exploited unreliable voices:
- Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn uses alternating perspectives that hide crucial facts from the reader.
- The Girl on the Train by Paula Hawkins drops you into a protagonist plagued by alcoholism and blackouts.
- House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski layers multiple narrators, each with their own madness.
In print, unreliable narrators allow authors to manipulate pacing and withhold key information until the perfect moment, often the spine-tingling climax.
Unreliable narrators are particularly compelling in horror books because the author only tells you what they want to tell you, and there are no visuals. You must imagine the scenes and fill in many blanks, deepening the sense of mystery.
Psychological Horror’s Unreliable Narrator: Keeping Horror Fans Guessing
So why do horror fans keep coming back for more? Because unreliable narrators:
- Spark Discussion: Forums and book clubs buzz with theories: “Was that room ever there?” or “Did the narrator survive?” Not only is this a fun way to extend the experience of the story you just read or watched, but it also fosters a sense of community among horror fans across the globe.
- Reward Re‑Reads: On a second pass, you spot clues you missed, deepening your appreciation for craft and misdirection. This is one of my favourite things about horror movies and horror books: going back and seeing how many clues I missed the first time. Or seeing where I might have been wrong about what a particular clue was saying. The bigger and more shocking the twist, the more fun it is to re-watch or re-read.
- Create Lasting Impact: When you leave a story unsure what was real, the unease lingers long after the lights come back on. Do you ever find yourself thinking about a horror story later that night, or on your commute the next day? I love it when a story lingers and makes me question everything. This is the type of story I love to write, as well. If you’re looking for more of this, don’t miss Uncovered: The Story of Eva Courtland and Other Spooky Tales once it drops!
Tips for Writing Your Own Unreliable Narrator
If you’re an aspiring writer itching to pen your own psychological horror tale, consider these things as you’re crafting your narrative:
Plant Subtle Clues
Drop inconsistencies early, minor slips in dates, odd reactions to events, small things with a meaning revealed later, and subtle hints of foreshadowing. All of this makes the final reveal much more dramatic, and it feels more earned, especially for those who guessed any part of it right!
Master Your Character’s Voice:
Decide what they hide and why. Is it guilt? Trauma? Insanity? Let that motive colour every word. Even if every single detail of their backstory or mindset doesn’t show up in the story, having it predetermined informs your writing. Knowing how they feel about something ensures their actions and behaviour are consistent and are true to who they are.
Balance Clarity and Ambiguity:
You want enough truth that readers can piece things together, but enough haze that they stay guessing. This can take some practice and tweaking to get it right. If you’re unsure, it’s always a good idea to have someone read the story and review it without knowing the outcome.
Don’t give them any clues or context, and ask them how the story lands. How effective is the twist? Was it too easy to guess? Was it predictable? Were there too few clues and foreshadowing that it feels inauthentic? Not everyone can pay for a professional editor, but beta readers (even if it’s just your friends) are valuable.
Conclusion: Trust No One in Psychological Horror
Unreliable narrators are the secret sauce that makes psychological horror such an addictive subgenre. By warping reality through a deceptive lens, they transform ordinary settings into labyrinths of doubt, keeping horror fans hooked from the first page of a book to the final frame of a film.
Ready to test your own mind? Dive into a story narrated by someone you can’t quite trust and see how beautifully twisted fear can become.
4 Comments
Jason · August 29, 2025 at 2:47 am
I’ve always liked stories with unreliable narrators because they keep me guessing. Half the fun is trying to figure out what’s real and what’s in their head. Sometimes I’ll go back and re-read or re-watch just to catch all the little clues I missed the first time. Do you think it works better when the narrator doesn’t even know they’re unreliable, or when they’re actively hiding things from the reader?
Steph · August 29, 2025 at 3:46 am
I think it’s definitely spookier and more fun when the narrator doesn’t know they’re unreliable – at least at first.
Anastazja · September 3, 2025 at 3:17 am
I love horror movies although I don’t read that much horror non-fiction. Until reading this article, I did not know what an unreliable witness was and had not really thought about how the story is affected by this. Your mention ofthe character in “The Sixth Sense” was kind of an ahha moment as I read your article. Although I could not think of any titles off hand, I am sure that I have watched quite a few movies with unreliable witnesses. Now, when I watch a scarey movie, I will think about your article and recognize the contribution to the story. Your suggestion that giving these films a second look to discover new clues was great. I am going to do that as well. Thanks for the fun article.
Steph · September 3, 2025 at 3:21 am
The amount of foreshadowing and subtle clues in The Sixth Sense is insane – I love rewatching it every so often! Glad you enjoyed, thanks for stopping by!